On 7 February 2020, French President Emmanuel Macron floated an idea that has long percolated in European foreign policy circles: bringing Europe closer to France’s nuclear umbrella. “Let’s be clear: France’s vital interests now have a European dimension,” Macron told his audience at the Ecole de Guerre. “In this spirit, I would like strategic dialogue to develop with our European partners, which are ready for it, on the role played by France’s nuclear deterrence in our collective security.”
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June 23, 2026
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